The tropical rainforest of Madagascar continues to reveal hidden wonders. The latest discovery: seven new species of frogs emitting surprising sounds. These findings have piqued the curiosity of biologists.
Named after captains from the Star Trek series, these frogs intrigue scientists with their futuristic calls. A nod to this cult series, which has fascinated people for decades.
Live individuals of Boophis marojezensis.
A: Male holotype (ZFMK 57401) from Marojejy (low altitude).
B: Male paratype (ZSM 567/1999, formerly ZFMK 57402).
C: Individual from Masoala, probably attributable to this species (not sequenced).
D: Male from Masoala (ZSM 250/2016, FGZC 5439).
It all began in 1994, when a brownish frog,
Boophis marojezensis, was first described. Over the years, researchers suspected that this species might be concealing others. To resolve the question, they undertook an extensive study: DNA, physical characteristics, everything was thoroughly examined.
As a result, Mark Scherz's team from the Natural History Museum of Denmark concluded that it was not one, but eight distinct species. Their differences lie mainly in their genome and their vocal calls.
These tree frogs live near streams, where their noisy environments have likely shaped their sharp calls. The goal? To be heard by the females in often tumultuous habitats.
Each species was given a name inspired by Star Trek: Boophis kirki, picardi, siskoi, janewayae, archeri, pikei, and burnhamae. A tribute to those characters who explored new worlds, just as scientists explore the hidden ecosystems of Madagascar.
This island, renowned for its biodiversity, is a fertile ground for such discoveries. In just three decades, researchers have cataloged more than 400 species of amphibians, and they believe there are many more to identify.
The researchers hope these discoveries will help strengthen conservation efforts in this unique region where species remain vulnerable to climate change.
Why do frogs produce vocal calls?
Frogs, especially males, mainly use vocal calls to attract females during the breeding season. These sounds allow females to detect and choose a mate. The characteristics of the call, such as frequency, duration, and intensity, can indicate the male's genetic quality.
In addition to reproduction, vocal calls sometimes serve to defend territory or signal presence in the face of rivals. Frogs often adjust their calls according to their environment to optimize their range, especially in noisy habitats like tropical forests near streams.
These sounds vary from species to species, which helps avoid crossbreeding between different species and facilitates recognition of members of the same species.
Article author: Cédric DEPOND