Americans, even the wealthiest, live shorter lives than Europeans. A study reveals concerning health disparities, regardless of wealth level.
Researchers from Brown University's School of Public Health compared survival rates between Americans and Europeans. Their work, published in the
New England Journal of Medicine, shows that the former have higher mortality rates, irrespective of their wealth.
The study relies on data from over 73,000 adults in the U.S. and Europe. It highlights that income inequality affects health more severely in the U.S., where the survival gap between rich and poor is more pronounced than in Europe.
The most affluent Americans barely reach the life expectancy of the poorest Europeans. This finding is particularly striking in countries like Germany, France, or the Netherlands.
Irene Papanicolas, a professor at Brown, points out that life expectancy in the U.S. is declining. She identifies systemic factors such as stress, diet, or environmental risks as key contributors.
The study also reveals a 'survivor effect' in the U.S. The poorest individuals, with fragile health, die earlier, leaving behind a wealthier and healthier population. This partially masks wealth inequalities.
Researchers call for broader public policies to reduce these gaps. They suggest drawing inspiration from European models, where social protection systems appear more effective.
Finally, the study emphasizes the importance of considering cultural and behavioral factors, such as smoking or rural living, which are more widespread in the U.S. and linked to poorer health.
What is the survivor effect?
The survivor effect describes a phenomenon where the most vulnerable individuals in a population die prematurely. This leaves a remaining population that is healthier and often wealthier.
This effect can skew statistical analyses by creating the illusion of reduced inequalities with age. In reality, it reflects the early disappearance of the most disadvantaged.
In the U.S., this effect is particularly pronounced. It helps conceal the true extent of health and wealth disparities within the population.
How do healthcare systems influence life expectancy?
Healthcare systems play a crucial role in life expectancy. In Europe, universal systems and robust social safety nets contribute to better health outcomes.
In the U.S., access to care is often tied to financial means. This creates significant disparities, even among the wealthiest, who still benefit from the best available care.
Public policies can therefore have a significant impact. Measures like universal health insurance or environmental risk prevention could improve the situation.