A new horizon of human cognition seems to be emerging. Artificial intelligence appears to be creating an unprecedented mode of reasoning in its creator. Researchers have thus identified in humans a third mode of thought, which they call the "System 0."
"System 0," based on the work of Daniel Kahneman, is markedly distinct from the human thought processes known as Systems 1 and 2. While System 1 relies on intuition and speed, often used for immediate decisions, and System 2, slower and more deliberate, is engaged in complex analyses, System 0 functions in a radically different way. It externalizes part of the reasoning process by relying on artificial intelligence. The AI is capable of processing massive amounts of data in record time, far beyond human capabilities.
However, AI is limited to handling information without ever assigning meaning to it. Unlike Systems 1 and 2, where humans directly interpret data, System 0 delegates this raw processing to AI, leaving the humans responsible for attributing meaning to the results produced. Thus, AI acts as a powerful calculator, but it is still the human mind that must analyze and interpret the generated information.
Researchers from the Sacred Heart Catholic University in Italy revealed this new approach in an article published in
Nature Human Behaviour. They explain that AI could indeed become a cognitive extension of our brain. However, this does not come without risks.
One of the concerns raised is the loss of our intellectual autonomy. If we rely too heavily on "System 0," our critical thinking could suffer. Some researchers argue that this dependence might weaken our ability to innovate and think for ourselves.
Furthermore, AI biases — whether sexist, racist, or others — can subtly influence our decisions. Scientists thus advocate for strict ethical regulations. Complete transparency of algorithms and adequate digital education are essential to maintain a balanced relationship with these technologies.
Nevertheless, "System 0" also brings significant advantages. AI enables the tackling of problems of such complexity that our brain could not solve them alone. By working hand in hand with AI, humanity could make a major leap forward in managing data and complex systems.
This technological progress is, therefore, a double-edged sword. To truly serve human thought, critical reflection on its use is required, so as not to allow AI to take an excessive role in our natural cognitive processes.
Article author: Cédric DEPOND