The Ethiopian wolf, typically known for its predation, exhibits a surprising behavior: it feeds on flowers. This discovery challenges our understanding of interactions between carnivores and plants and could even make it an unexpected pollinator.
The species
Canis simensis is one of the rarest and most endangered canids in the world, with a population of fewer than 500 individuals. Living in the Ethiopian highlands, this wolf is generally carnivorous. But recently, researchers have observed an unusual behavior: some of these wolves consume nectar from local flowers.
An Ethiopian wolf lapping nectar on an inflorescence of Kniphofia foliosa (a) in a large field of this plant in the Web Valley, Bale Mountains National Park, Ethiopia (b). The wolf's muzzle carries a significant pollen load (c). An adult female and a subadult female search for K. foliosa nectar together (d). The nectar in question comes from
Kniphofia foliosa, a plant found in the Ethiopian highlands. These flowers, known as "Satan's poker," attract a variety of pollinators. But for the first time, wolves were observed feeding on them. During their outings, some wolves visited up to 30 flowers, and their pollen-covered muzzles suggest that they might play a role in pollination.
This observation was made by a team from the University of Oxford, who followed wolves from several packs over multiple days. They noticed that young wolves learned from their elders by following them into the flower fields, which might indicate social transmission of the behavior. This practice, though surprising, seems fairly common among Ethiopian wolves.
Researchers are still questioning the significance of this behavior. Although the wolf may transfer pollen from one flower to another, it is not yet certain whether this act effectively contributes to plant pollination. However, if confirmed, the Ethiopian wolf could become the first large carnivore known to play a role in plant reproduction.
This discovery opens up a new perspective on species interactions. Scientists speculate that this behavior may be a response to dwindling prey, offering wolves an alternative source of nutrition. Although nectar is sweet, it remains a minor part of their diet but could be a useful supplement during food shortages.
This phenomenon of nectar-feeding by a large carnivore is not entirely unprecedented. Other mammals, such as certain primates or marsupials, have already been observed pollinating plants. However, this is the first documented case involving a large predatory carnivore.
The implications of this discovery are vast. If Ethiopian wolves are indeed pollinators, it could alter our understanding of the ecological roles of carnivores. It would also provide a unique opportunity to explore the co-evolution between these animals and the plants they might assist in reproduction.
Future research should confirm whether this interaction is truly beneficial for the flowers. It could also provide a better understanding of the dietary needs of Ethiopian wolves and the factors influencing their feeding behavior.
Article by: Cédric DEPOND