Chinese researchers have taken a step towards energy autonomy with the design of a nuclear mini battery.
The possibility of a nearly inexhaustible energy source for long-distance space missions or advanced underwater environments is gradually becoming a reality thanks to this new technological advance.
Since the 1930s, scientists have been exploring the potential of nuclear batteries. These devices, far more efficient than traditional systems, generate energy from the decay of radioactive isotopes like americium. However, their limited power output has restricted their use.
The latest innovation comes from Soochow University in China. The researchers have integrated an isotope of americium-243 into a polymer crystal, allowing the conversion of radioactive particles into electricity. Indeed, this type of energy dissipates very quickly. Because of this, the researchers used a crystal to capture the energy emitted by the particles and convert it into light. This light is then transformed into electric current by a photovoltaic cell.
This design surpasses the performance of current batteries, notably due to its longevity. The half-life of americium-243, estimated at 7,380 years, guarantees several decades of use without recharging. This extraordinary lifespan makes these batteries ideal for space missions.
Furthermore, the innovation of the Chinese team lies in encapsulating the system in an ultra-compact quartz cell. This prevents self-absorption of the emitted particles, thus optimizing electricity production and ensuring long-term energy stability.
In 200 hours of testing, the battery maintained stable energy, with a power output of 139 microwatts per curie. It significantly outperforms previous versions in terms of efficiency and durability, confirming its potential for extreme applications.
Finally, this mini-battery could enable us to rethink how we power technologies in the most hostile environments, from space exploration to deep-sea surveillance.
Article author: Cédric DEPOND