The idea of repairing a fractured bone with a glue gun seems straight out of a science fiction novel. Yet, South Korean researchers have indeed developed a device capable of 3D printing bone grafts directly at the fracture site during surgery.
This breakthrough, published in the journal
Device, opens promising prospects for patients suffering from bone injuries that are difficult to treat.
A new surgical tool
The principle relies on a modified glue gun capable of depositing a biocompatible filament onto the fractured area. This filament, composed of hydroxyapatite and polycaprolactone, melts at low temperature to conform to the irregular contours of the bone. Hydroxyapatite, a natural mineral present in bones, promotes healing, while polycaprolactone, a thermoplastic, provides flexibility suited to anatomical needs.
The major advantage of this technology lies in its real-time adaptability. The surgeon can adjust the direction, depth, and angle of application during the procedure. Unlike traditional implants, which require prior preparation, this method allows for immediate customization, thereby reducing operating time and the risk of error.
Finally, the device incorporates antibiotics, such as vancomycin and gentamicin, which diffuse gradually over several weeks. This targeted approach limits the risks of postoperative infection, a major concern in bone surgery.
Promising results in animals
Tested on rabbits suffering from severe femoral fractures, this process demonstrated remarkable effectiveness. After twelve weeks, animals treated with this method showed superior bone regeneration compared to those treated with traditional implants. No infection or necrosis was observed, confirming the biocompatibility and safety of the device.
The 3D printed grafts integrated naturally with the surrounding bone tissue. Their gradual degradation allowed for optimal regrowth, with a notable improvement in structural parameters, such as bone surface area. These results suggest faster and stronger healing compared to current techniques.
The researchers indicate that this innovation could improve the management of severe and complicated fractures. By eliminating preoperative preparation steps, it offers an immediate and adaptable solution, even for the most irregular lesions.
Article author: Cédric DEPOND