China seems to be charting new frontiers with the development of submarines powered by lasers. This advance, reported by the
South China Morning Post, springs from research conducted at Harbin Engineering University. The concept of this innovative propulsion emerged two decades ago in Japan, but it is only now taking shape.
This technology utilizes a two-megawatt laser, conveyed through microscopic optical fibers that wrap around the submarine. This system generates plasma in the water, creating a detonation wave that propels the vessel forward with an impressive force of up to 70,000 newtons.
But there's more: this laser propulsion also generates a phenomenon called "supercavitation," vaporizing the water around the submarine to create air bubbles. This air cloak significantly reduces friction, theoretically allowing the submarine to exceed the speed of sound.
However, despite these remarkable advances, the technology is not yet ready to be used in nuclear submarines. Researchers must overcome several hurdles, including the dissipation of heat from the optical fibers and their durability in a marine environment, as well as their integration with acoustic coatings.
Ge Yang's team at Harbin University has made significant progress in improving the efficiency of laser conversion into thrust. They have also drawn inspirations from aerospace to optimize the system, reducing energy losses and minimizing internal friction.
The potential application of this technology extends beyond submarines, opening possibilities for underwater weapons, missiles, and torpedoes by increasing their underwater range thanks to supercavitation.
Nonetheless, challenges remain, including heat management and the durability of the optical fibers, as well as their integration into existing structures. Furthermore, the effect of cavitation bubbles on the stealth of submarines remains a question mark, potentially compromising their stealthiness.
Despite these challenges, this technology promises not only to revolutionize naval propulsion but also to have civilian applications.
Article Author: Cédric DEPOND