Two natural compounds could restore energy to aging neurons. A discovery opens perspectives for countering age-related brain decline.
Researchers from the University of California, Irvine explored how molecules present in diet influence neuronal health. Their study, published in
GeroScience, reveals that nicotinamide and epigallocatechin gallate act on energy production in brain cells. These compounds, derived from vitamin B3 and green tea, were tested on neurons from mouse models of Alzheimer's disease.
Laboratory experiments showed restoration of guanosine triphosphate levels, a key molecule for cellular energy. This recovery allowed neurons to reactivate their cleaning mechanisms, particularly autophagy, which eliminates protein waste. Amyloid aggregates, characteristic of the disease, were significantly reduced after just twenty-four hours of treatment.
The team used a genetically encoded fluorescent sensor called GEVAL to observe changes in real time. They found that the energy decline in mitochondria, the cells' power plants, was reversed. This non-pharmaceutical approach could offer an alternative to conventional treatments by directly targeting the source of the energy problem.
Lead author Gregory Brewer emphasizes that this method restores essential cellular functions lost with age. However, he cautions against immediate application. Previous clinical trials have shown inactivation of nicotinamide in the blood, requiring improved formulations.
This research paves the way for new therapeutic strategies based on nutritional supplements. It highlights the importance of energy molecules like GTP, often overlooked in studies on neurodegenerative diseases. Additional work is needed to optimize delivery and validate effectiveness in humans.
What is autophagy and why is it crucial for the brain?
Autophagy is a natural cellular process through which cells degrade and recycle their damaged or unnecessary components. It acts as an internal cleaning system, eliminating misfolded proteins and dysfunctional organelles.
In the brain, this mechanism is vital for maintaining neuronal health and preventing toxin accumulation. Autophagy dysfunction is associated with various neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's, as it leads to the accumulation of amyloid plaques.
Stimulating autophagy can therefore help protect against cognitive decline. Approaches like intermittent fasting or certain natural compounds are being studied to boost this process, offering preventive and therapeutic perspectives.
How do mitochondria influence brain health?
Mitochondria are intracellular organelles often called 'power plants' because they produce ATP, the universal energy molecule. In neurons, they are essential for providing the energy needed for signal transmission and maintenance functions.
With age, mitochondria can become less efficient, leading to decreased energy production and accumulation of oxidative stress. This decline contributes to brain aging and also to the emergence of pathologies like Alzheimer's.
Improving mitochondrial function, for example through antioxidants or nutritional supplements, can help preserve cognition. Recent research explores how to specifically target these structures to delay the effects of aging on the brain.