The discovery of a marine fossil cache in a Spanish cave redefines our perception of Neanderthals. These seemingly useless objects reveal unexpected behaviors.
Prado Vargas, a cave nestled in northern Spain, has unveiled 15 marine fossils. These specimens, dating back to the Late Cretaceous period, were transported over dozens of miles by Neanderthals. Their discovery demonstrates attention to objects with no apparent utility.
These fossils, including species like
Tylostoma cossoni, originated from distant marine environments. There is no evidence suggesting they were used as tools or ornaments. Their intact condition indicates a selection based on appearance, likely for their remarkable shapes or textures.
For archaeologists, these findings point to a form of abstract thinking. Assigning aesthetic or symbolic significance to these fossils could reflect a cognitive capacity previously thought to be exclusive to modern Homo sapiens.
One hypothesis suggests that Neanderthal children may have been the primary collectors. Indeed, a milk tooth found nearby reinforces the notion of a juvenile contribution to the act, evoking children's play and curiosity.
Other researchers see this collection as an educational or social activity. The fossils might have been used to share knowledge, strengthen community bonds, or express cultural identities.
Marine fossils from level 4.
(A) Pholadomya gigantea (Sowerby, 1836) (PV18 H29 159);
(B) Granocardium productum (Sowerby, 1832) (PV22 9047);
(C) Pleurotomaria sp. (PV20 F27);
(D) Tetragramma variolare (Brongniart, 1822) (PV19 G27). This discovery adds to a growing body of evidence about Neanderthal complexity. Beyond crafting sophisticated tools, these hominins buried their dead and created pigments. Now, their ability to collect symbolic objects further enriches this picture.
Compared to similar sites, such as Cova de les Teixoneres in Catalonia, where animal skulls appeared to be placed for ritual purposes, the fossils of Prado Vargas deepen the idea of symbolic consciousness in Neanderthals.
Thus, these behaviors challenge the traditional image of Neanderthals. Far from the caricature of brutish hominins, they appear as curious beings, capable of perceiving beauty and enriching their lives with complex cultural interactions.
Article author: Cédric DEPOND