The effects of cannabis on the brain might be far more profound than previously thought. A new study shows that this plant uniquely modifies our DNA.
The results are surprising: an epigenetic imprint appears to be left on certain genes associated with essential body functions.
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Cannabis, especially when it contains a high level of THC (greater than 10%), causes changes in DNA methylation. This epigenetic process influences gene expression without altering the DNA sequence. Research conducted by King's College London reveals that these changes particularly affect genes involved in energy production and immune response.
Among the notable findings, the researchers observed changes in the gene
CAVIN1, known for its role in regulating mitochondrial function. This alteration could disrupt how cells produce the energy needed for their function.
Moreover, regular users of high-potency cannabis are at increased risk of psychotic disorders. People who have experienced a first episode of psychosis show even more pronounced epigenetic imprints, suggesting an increased vulnerability.
The team analyzed blood samples from 682 participants, some of whom had been regular cannabis users since adolescence. The results show that the effects of cannabis on DNA are distinctly different from those caused by tobacco.
This discovery could help better understand the biological mechanisms through which cannabis influences mental health. In the future, blood tests might help identify individuals most at risk for developing psychotic disorders.
Finally, this research opens the way for better prevention of the long-term effects of cannabis, particularly among young people, who are more vulnerable to its consequences on their developing brains.
What is DNA methylation?
DNA methylation is an epigenetic process where methyl groups (CH3) attach to the DNA, typically on cytosine bases. This phenomenon does not alter the genetic sequence but modifies gene expression by influencing their activation or inhibition.
This process is essential for the regulation of biological functions. It plays a role in cell development, immunity, and response to environmental stress. Disruptions in methylation are associated with diseases such as cancer, neurological disorders, and metabolic diseases.
Article author: Cédric DEPOND