How do corals manage to attach firmly to reefs? A team of researchers has just provided an answer to this biological process, paving the way for potentially more effective restoration methods for these marine ecosystems.
This work, published in
Royal Society Open Science, details the mechanisms that allow coral fragments to anchor to reef structures. This advancement could transform reef rehabilitation efforts worldwide, by enabling the targeting of species most suited to this natural repair.
Thanks to advanced microscopy techniques, scientists have observed a three-step process. First, the coral reacts to contact by modifying its tissues through an immune response. Subsequently, it anchors with this new soft tissue. Finally, it builds a skeleton on the reef using a specialized appendage, which develops while neutralizing pathogens.
The speed of this process is not identical in all species. For example,
Montipora mollis has a more elaborate appendage, which accelerates its anchoring and strengthens its attachment. Conversely,
Pocillopora verrucosa has a thinner and slower appendage, explaining a less firm initial hold. These particularities directly influence the success of restoration projects.
Mesenteric filaments, tiny internal structures, play a major role in this process. They assist corals in digesting their own tissues that have become useless, thus facilitating preparation for attachment. This function also improves the ability of corals to withstand damage or environmental stress, by optimizing their recovery.
Cross-section of a coral polyp.
Credit: Brett Lewis
These discoveries allow for the consideration of more targeted restoration strategies. Understanding the biological differences between species makes it possible to select the corals most adapted to certain environments. This optimizes their survival and growth, making interventions more effective for preserving reefs.
In the future, this knowledge could guide marine ecosystem protection projects. By promoting species that attach quickly and firmly, restoration efforts can strengthen reef stability, contributing to their maintenance in the face of current threats.