Could the Universe have been born inside a black hole? This question, raised by a team of scientists, challenges the Big Bang theory. Their proposal suggests our Universe might have formed within the depths of a giant black hole belonging to a much larger parent universe.
The Big Bang theory, while explaining many cosmological phenomena, leaves unanswered questions. Among them are the nature of dark energy and dark matter, as well as the incompatibility between general relativity and quantum mechanics. These mysteries drive researchers to explore alternatives, such as the idea of a Universe originating from a black hole.
The study is based on an analytical solution describing how gravitational collapse could avoid forming a singularity. Instead, matter would rebound, initiating an expansion similar to the Big Bang. This scenario, relying solely on known physical laws, avoids introducing speculative particles or forces.
The researchers also discuss the possible interaction between gravity and the Higgs field. Under extreme conditions, this interaction could alter gravity's behavior, preventing singularity formation. Though not included in the current study, this hypothesis opens perspectives for unifying gravity and quantum mechanics.
The model predicts a slight positive spatial curvature of the Universe and the existence of relic objects, such as primordial black holes. These predictions could be tested through observations, particularly with the James Webb Space Telescope. Discovering such relics would significantly strengthen this alternative theory.
How can a black hole avoid forming a singularity?
In quantum mechanics, the Pauli exclusion principle forbids two fermions from occupying the same quantum state. This principle generates a pressure, called degeneracy pressure, which can resist gravitational collapse.
This pressure is responsible for the stability of white dwarfs and neutron stars. For a black hole, it could prevent singularity formation by causing a rebound. This mechanism offers an elegant alternative to the singularities predicted by general relativity.
Cosmic bounce models explore this idea, suggesting the Universe might have experienced a contraction phase before its current expansion. These theories attempt to reconcile gravity with quantum principles without resorting to ad hoc modifications of physical laws.
What is dark energy?
Dark energy is a hypothetical form of energy thought to compose about 68% of the Universe. It is invoked to explain the accelerated expansion of the Universe. Unlike dark matter, dark energy would have a repulsive effect, opposing gravitational force.
Its existence is inferred from observations of distant supernovas and the cosmic microwave background. However, its exact nature remains one of modern cosmology's greatest mysteries. Theories vary, ranging from a cosmological constant to dynamic scalar fields.
Dark energy challenges our understanding of fundamental physics. Its study may require new physics beyond the standard model and general relativity. Current research focuses on precisely measuring its effects across different cosmic epochs.