Myopia is developing at a significant rate among young people, and screens are probably not the only factors involved. While smartphones and computers are regularly blamed, a recent study suggests a different explanation that could change our approach to the subject.
In this context, scientists at SUNY College of Optometry examined how our visual habits indoors could play a major role. Their work, set to be published in
Cell Reports, indicates that low light in rooms and time spent focusing on nearby objects, like a book or a screen, reduce the amount of light reaching the retina. This combination appears to be more decisive than the screens themselves in explaining the increase in myopia.
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Indeed, when we read or work on a nearby object, the pupil constricts to improve image sharpness. In a poorly lit environment, this constriction may reduce retinal illumination too much. The researchers explain that outdoors, under bright light, the pupil contracts mainly due to brightness, which still transmits enough light to the retina. Indoors, the mechanism is different and could promote the development of myopia.
If this hypothesis is confirmed, it could influence approaches to limit the progression of myopia. Experts might recommend ensuring sufficient lighting during near work and reducing accommodative demand, for example with multifocal lenses. Spending time outdoors, looking into the distance, is also a promising avenue, as it exposes the eyes to abundant light and does not require prolonged focusing.
To conclude, the study's authors specify that these results do not constitute a definitive answer but offer a testable hypothesis linking visual habits, lighting, and ocular physiology. Further research is needed to explore these links and refine prevention strategies.