The explosion of a SpaceX Starship prototype in Texas is now sparking reactions beyond the United States. The Mexican government is considering legal action, citing potential environmental consequences on its territory.
The incident occurred during a test of Starship's upper stage, very close to the Mexican border. While SpaceX claims the surrounding areas face no risk, Mexican authorities are questioning these statements, pointing to a potential violation of international environmental protection laws.
The upper stage of Starship from Flight 10 exploded on June 18, 2025, on a test stand near the Mexican border.
Credit: SpaceX
The Boca Chica Beach area, where Starship is launched, is a sensitive ecosystem home to protected species. Environmental groups had already filed complaints against the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), arguing that the ecological impact assessments for SpaceX's tests were insufficient. The recent explosion has only heightened concerns.
During previous launches, debris was scattered over long distances (several miles), damaging natural habitats. Some local residents compared the vibrations felt to an earthquake, describing a recurring sense of insecurity. These accounts call into question safety measures and post-launch cleanup protocols.
Despite several successes, such as the controlled splashdown of a Starship in the Indian Ocean, repeated explosions and pollution suspicions are tarnishing SpaceX's image.
What is space pollution?
Space pollution encompasses the environmental impacts of spaceflight activities, whether in the atmosphere or on the ground. Rocket launches release gases and particles, some of which—like perchlorates or metal oxides—are persistent pollutants that can contaminate air, water, and soil.
Debris from launch vehicles or explosions can fall unpredictably, posing a danger to terrestrial ecosystems. Add to this noise pollution and vibrations, which can disrupt local wildlife, especially protected species living in reserves near launch sites.
The long-term effects of these disturbances remain poorly understood, fueling calls for stricter regulations and more thorough impact studies.
How does SpaceX manage environmental risks?
SpaceX claims to reduce its ecological footprint through several measures. Its Raptor engines, powered by liquid methane, are said to be less polluting than conventional fuels. The company also develops recovery and reuse systems for its launch vehicles to limit waste.
However, incidents like the recent explosion show these efforts aren't enough to eliminate environmental risks. The company now faces the need to strengthen its safety and cleanup protocols while collaborating more closely with local authorities and environmental protection agencies.