On Mars, lava tunnels may well hold the secrets of ancient life forms. These underground caverns are as impressive as they are unexplored.
On Earth, volcanic islands like Lanzarote reveal the potential of these formations. These vast tunnels, born from volcanic eruptions, wind beneath basaltic surfaces, creating unique environments. The Cueva de los Verdes, one of these tunnels, attracts visitors fascinated by the geological mysteries it holds.
These tunnels form when molten lava flows beneath a solidified crust. Once the eruption ends, the resulting cavities often remain intact. These structures sometimes harbor unique ecosystems, as shown by research conducted in the tunnels of Lanzarote.
Recently, an international research team explored six of these tunnels to better understand their mineralogical and biological composition. Analyses revealed deposits of calcium and sodium sulfates, solid evidence of past microbial activity. These biosignatures provide vital information about ancient environments.
The journal
Communications Earth and Environment reports that these environments effectively protect minerals and organic compounds. The underground conditions preserve organic matter from weathering and radiation, a phenomenon that could similarly occur on Mars.
Mars also has numerous lava tunnels. These structures, shielded from extreme temperatures and solar radiation, could serve as sanctuaries for potential traces of life. The sulfate-rich minerals identified in Earth's caverns suggest that similar processes could have taken place there.
For astrobiologists, these findings are particularly promising. They suggest that exploring Martian lava tunnels should become a priority for future missions.
Beyond Mars, this research paves the way for exploring other celestial bodies. If similar tunnels exist elsewhere, they too might harbor biosignatures or evidence of past life. The quest to understand our galactic origins thus turns decisively toward underground depths.
Article author: Cédric DEPOND