Family meals are often a source of stress. However, picky eaters among children may not simply be fussy. A recent study offers an unexpected explanation.
Children's food preferences may largely be dictated by their DNA. This challenges the idea that upbringing is the main factor behind this behavior.
Researchers from University College London conducted a study on 2,400 pairs of twins. Their results show that genetics could explain up to 60% of eating behaviors as early as 16 months of age. This proportion increases with age, reaching 74% in adolescence.
By studying identical twins (monozygotic: sharing the same genetic makeup) and non-identical twins (dizygotic: sharing half of their DNA), they found that those who shared the same genes displayed similar eating behaviors, while the others had a lesser tendency. As such, sensitivity to tastes and textures seems to be innate rather than learned.
However, the social environment cannot be ignored. Family habits and shared meals also influence young children. After the age of 7, friends play a more significant role in shaping eating habits.
The study's lead author, Zeynep Nas, hopes these findings will ease the pressure on parents. They should no longer feel guilty, as selective eating is not caused by their upbringing. Nevertheless, the researchers emphasize that genetics is not destiny. While certain behaviors are innate, it is possible to encourage a varied diet, especially in the early years of life.
Alison Fildes, co-author of the study, urges parents to persevere in their efforts to diversify their children's diets. Family support remains essential, even as external influences become more pronounced.
Why does genetics influence eating behavior?
Genetics plays a key role in food preferences by affecting how our brain perceives tastes and textures. Genetic variations alter sensitivity to flavors, which explains why some foods, like broccoli, are rejected by certain children.
These variations affect not just taste and smell receptors, but more importantly how the brain reacts to various flavors. This might explain why some children are more selective and less inclined to try new foods.
How does the social environment influence eating habits?
The social environment, especially family, plays an important role in children's eating habits, particularly during their early years. Family meals, where everyone eats the same foods, can encourage children to try a wider variety of dishes.
After the age of 7, the influence of friends becomes more significant. Children start to adopt the eating behaviors of their social group, which can help diversify their diet or, conversely, enhance their selectivity.
Thus, although genetics is a dominant factor, the social environment remains a key lever for encouraging healthier eating habits, particularly through shared meals.
Author of the article: Cédric DEPOND