Scientists are gradually discovering the importance of whales in marine ecosystems. A recent study published in
Nature Communications reveals that their urine significantly contributes to ocean fertilization.
These giant mammals transport nutrients from the depths to surface waters, a phenomenon known as the 'whale pump.' This process stimulates phytoplankton photosynthesis, the foundation of the marine food chain.
Some species, such as humpback whales, migrate over 6,200 miles (10,000 km), dispersing nutrients across ocean basins. Their movements also influence the carbon cycle.
Gray whales, while foraging on the seafloor, release nutrient-rich sediments. These actions help enrich waters that are poor in essential elements like nitrogen and iron.
Whale carcasses create unique deep-sea ecosystems, sustaining a multitude of organisms. Their large size and lipid-rich bones make them valuable food sources.
The study highlights that whaling has reduced nutrient transport by these animals to one-third of its historical potential. This loss directly impacts ocean productivity.
Other animals, such as seabirds and migratory fish, also play key roles in nutrient transfer. However, none compare to whales in terms of quantity and geographic scale.