Parkinson's disease, a progressive neurodegenerative disorder, could be slowed or prevented by the consumption of seaweed, according to a recent Japanese study.
Researchers have found that the polyphenols present in the seaweed "Ecklonia cava" possess antioxidant properties capable of protecting neurons from damage caused by free radicals, unstable molecules that harm cells.
Parkinson's disease is characterized by the gradual destruction of dopamine-producing neurons, a neurotransmitter essential for controlling movement and cognitive functions.
The degeneration of these neurons is exacerbated by excessive production of free radicals, often induced by environmental factors such as ultraviolet rays and pollution. Although the human body naturally produces antioxidants to combat these free radicals, dietary antioxidant supplementation could enhance this protection.
To test the effectiveness of
Ecklonia cava polyphenols, researchers at Osaka Metropolitan University conducted experiments on mice. They were first given daily antioxidants extracted from this brown seaweed for a week. They were then exposed to rotenone, a chemical that destroys dopaminergic neurons, thus replicating symptoms of Parkinson's disease.
The results showed that mice treated with the antioxidants exhibited notable restoration of motor function, improved intestinal function, and better colonic mucosa structure compared to untreated mice.
The researchers also examined the effect of
Ecklonia cava antioxidants on cells cultured in the laboratory and exposed to rotenone. The findings revealed that these antioxidants activate the AMPK enzyme (adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase), a regulator of cellular energy.
Simultaneously, they inhibit the production of free radicals that cause neuronal cell death. This suggests that
Ecklonia cava antioxidants help maintain the cellular energy balance and prevent oxidative damage.
However, it is important to note that results obtained in animal and cellular models do not always directly translate to humans. Indeed, brain structures and functions differ between species, and cellular models lack the complexity necessary to fully reproduce the multiple interactions that occur in the human brain with Parkinson's.
Moreover, the disease develops over several decades in humans, while animal studies have significant temporal limitations.
In conclusion, although the results of this study are promising, large-scale clinical trials are necessary to confirm the effectiveness of
Ecklonia cava polyphenols in humans. Nonetheless, regular consumption of this seaweed, already available in dietary supplement form, could offer an additional option in the prevention of Parkinson's disease.
Article Author: Cédric DEPOND