Recent research highlights the ability of a well-known mushroom to positively influence the immune response to cancer, shedding new light on their potential in integrative medicine.
The team from City of Hope, one of the largest cancer research centers in the United States, investigated the effects of an extract of button mushrooms on mice and human patients. Administered in tablet form, this extract demonstrated unexpected efficacy: it reduced levels of a key marker for prostate cancer, PSA, in several patients, and limited tumor growth.
Button mushrooms contain specific polysaccharides, such as beta-glucans, known for their immune-boosting effects. These molecules, previously studied for other conditions, appear to play a key role in reducing myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs). These cells typically inhibit the action of immune cells that fight tumors.
In mice, the extract showed varied effects depending on its use: administered before the appearance of tumors, it delayed their development. When used as a treatment after tumors had appeared, it reduced their size and improved the animals' lifespan. In both scenarios, the activity of T cells and NK cells, essential for destroying cancer cells, was significantly enhanced.
Clinical trials, though preliminary, corroborate these results in humans. After three months of treatment, patients experienced an improved immune response, notably through a reduction in MDSCs and an increase in active immune cells. The absence of major side effects further highlights the potential of this intervention.
However, researchers urge caution. While button mushroom-based supplements are commercially available, they have not received formal approval. Self-prescribing these extracts without medical supervision could carry risks.
This study opens new perspectives in integrative oncology. Beyond button mushrooms, other nutraceuticals, such as pomegranates or blueberries, are also under study. These substances could eventually complement traditional cancer treatments.
Looking ahead, the City of Hope team plans to investigate whether reducing MDSCs translates into better survival rates for patients. This ongoing research could redefine the role of foods in medical treatments.
What is a nutraceutical?
Nutraceuticals refer to substances or foods that combine nutrition and medicinal properties. The term, a blend of "nutrition" and "pharmaceutical," was coined in 1989 to describe foods that benefit health beyond their nutritional value.
These products come from natural sources such as plants, fruits, mushrooms, or plant extracts. For example, grape seeds or button mushrooms are being studied for their potential anti-cancer effects. Their popularity is growing amidst interest in alternative health approaches.
In medicine, nutraceuticals often complement traditional treatments. They can support immunity or reduce the side effects of therapies, but require more research to validate their efficacy.
However, not all are regulated, making it essential to consult a specialist before incorporating them into a health regimen.
Article author: Cédric DEPOND